Serdang Bedagai is a regency in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, and this regency established on 18 december 2003. with wide 1.900,22 km2
and Sei-Rempah as the capital of this regency, and it's the writer's
home town, before take study to West Java, Indonesia. now the writer
will describe about the history of Serdang Bedagai, and the all begin
from here.
"Serdang
Sultanate was then continued by his son, Tuanku Ainan Johan Alam Shah.
While his brother, Tuanku Sabjana was appointed Raja Muda in Kampong
Kelambir on the Bank of Tuan River. Under the leadership of Tuanku
Ainan, Serdang Sultanate underwent an improvement by expanding the
territory until Percut and Serdang Hulu. Siak Sultanate gave the title
“Sultan” to Tuanku Ainan in 1814. His wife was the daughter of Raja
Perbaungan, Tuanku Sri Alam. Tuanku Ainan’s sons opened and led the new
villages. In 1817, Tuanku Ainan passed away and was replaced by his
second son, Tengku Sinar because his first son Tengku Zainal Abidin died
in a battle to help his father-in-law in Kampung Punggai. Tengku Sinar
was in Kampung Punggai. Then Tengku Sinar got the title Paduka Sri
Sultan Thaf Sinar Bashar Shah. During this period, Serdang Sultanate had
a golden moment with a justified government and commerce. A trade
agreement with England was made in 1823. It was recorded that the export
that time was up to 8.000 pikul consisting of peppercon, tobacco, with
bean/peanut, gold, and champor while England supplied European-made
fabrics. The territory expanded from Percut, Padang Badagai, Senembah,
and Eastern Batak until Dolok.
The
fourth Sultan of Serdang was Tengku Muhammad Basyarudin, and then got
the title Paduka Sri Sultan M. Basyarauddin Syaiful Alam Shah. He was
crowned in 1850, not long after his father had passed away. Basyaruddin
was the fourth son of Tuanku Ainan. During his authority, Serdang
Sultanate expanded his territory until Batubara (Lima Laras), the whole
Senembah, passed Karonese and Eastern Bataknese regions. When Dutch’s
influence got stronger, Sultan Basyaruddin strictly supported Aceh
Sultanate and made an attack. It made him mandated as the authority of
Aceh Sultan, whose territory covered Langkat until Asahan. As the
authority, he dealt with the coming of Dutch expedition led by Netscher
in 1862. On the other hand, Sultan Basyaruddin tried to keep peace with
Deli Sultanate which had a good relationship with the Dutch. But a war
with Deli Sultanate broke once when Serdang took Denai region back.
Also, when Aceh Sultanate sent 200 warships to attack Deli Sultanate and
Langkat Sultanate, Sultan Basyaruddin also helped. In fighting the
Dutch, Sultan Basyaruddin was supported by the kings and the great
persons under his occupation, for instance, the king of Kampong
Kelambir; Raja Muda Pangeran Muda Sri Diraja M Takir, the authority of
Bedagai; Datuk Putera Raja Negeri Serdang Ahmad Yudha, the authority of
Senembah; Kejuruan Seri Diraja Sutan Saidi. Looking at such a great
fight, the Dutch finally put its thousands of troops in Batubara and
Tanjung Balai, in 1865. This attack was given a code Military
Expeditions against Serdang and Asahan. September 30, the Dutch troops
reached Serdang and ran after Sultan Basyaruddin who survived in a
remote area. Finally, Sultan Basyaruddin was captured by the Dutch on
October 3. The Dutch then took control of the occupied regions of
Serdang, for example, Padang, Bedagai, Percut, and Denai.
On
December 20 1879, Sultan Basyaruddin passed away in Bogak palace,
Rantau Panjang and was buried near Araskabu station. Serdang Sultanate
was continued by Tengku Sulaiman who was still 13 years old at that
time. He was crowned as Paduka Sri Sultan Tuanku Sulaiman Syariful Alam
Shah. In order to avoid the vacant position, his uncle Tengku Mustafa
whose title was Raja Muda Sri Maharaja was appointed Sultan’s Wali. The
ceremony was carried out in Tanjung Puteri Palace, Bogak, Rantau
Panjang. This appointment was not admitted easily by the Dutch
residence. They gave three conditions for Sultan Sulaiman to be
admitted, in example: Serdang did not demand the regions occupied by the
Dutch, the determination of border between Deli and Serdang and Sultan
had to submit to the Dutch’s authority. Sultan Sulaiman, however,
ignored it. In 1882, the Dutch insisted that a part of Senembah region
was given to Deli and Deli would give negeri Denai back. Sultan Sulaiman
was admitted in 1887 even though he still disagreed with the border
with Deli which had been determined by the Dutch.
In
1891, the Dutch controller, Douwes Dekker moved the capital of Serdang
Sultanate to Lubuk Pakam because Rantau Panjang always underwent flood.
Sultan Sulaiman, however, disagreed with this idea. He had built Kota
Galuh Palace and Sulaimaniyah Mosque on Perbaungan Junction in 1886 but
he actually moved to the palace. This city became a rival city for Lubuk
Pakam because Sultan built stalls and shops then, so that it became
crowded. Serdang’s occupation territory which was under the Dutch’s
authority was made plantations like ones in Denai, Bedagai, Senembah,
and Percut. The whole plantation made a contract with Sultan Deli.
Despite being admitted, Sultan’s authority was gradually limited by the
Dutch. Even when he came back from a meeting with the Japanese Caesar,
Tenno Heika Meijimutsuhito, the border with Bedagai was lessened by the
Dutch. The Dutch also eliminated the important positions of the
Sultanate after the holders had passed away.
Under
Sultan Sulaiman’s leading, Serdang Sultanate built 2000 bahu of farming
area equipped with the irrigation. Then in 1903, the transmigrates from
Banjar community came to cultivate it. Sultan also opened belacan and
soap factories in Labu Beach, as well as a tobacco plantation in Kuala
Bali. Sultan constructed Batak Bank in Bangun Purba as an economics
support in Serdang. In the education sector, Sultan built
Syairussulaiman School in Perbaungan. In the book “Chronicle of Serdang
Sultanate’s Crown“ written by Tuanku Luckman Sinar Basarsyah, Sultan
Sulaiman was described as an anti Dutch. For example, Sultan Sulaiman
was a person who fought for the people living around the concession
tobacco plantation to be permitted to cultivate the bushy land. To make
sure, he codified the custom right for the keeping society in 1922. This
right allowed anyone who met the requirements to get the right to open
tract. Sultan Sulaiman was also known familiar with the art and culture.
He built the theatre “Indera Ratu “ performing stories from Malay,
India, and West. Once a year, the theatre holds the performance
throughout Serdang to entertain the people for free. Sultan also revived
the traditional theatre “Makyong“ and Javanese leather puppet which was
given as a present by Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII. This art performance
was usually held every great day in front of Perbaungan palace.
In
the Second World War, Japan entered Serdang through Perupuk Beach
Tanjung Tiram, Batubara, but the troops were shocked that when they
entered the palace they found the picture of Tenno Heika Meiji, hung on
the wall of the palace. Since that time, the relationship between Sultan
Sulaiman and the troops of Japan occupation was good. The Japanese gave
Sultan a car with police number one and promised not to take any labor
from Serdang in condition that Serdang will supply rice to Japan’s
headquarters. Sultan Sulaiman also raised directly the red and white
flag when he heard the proclamation on august 17, 1945. Through the
governor of East Sumatra, TM Hassan, Sultan sent a telegram to president
Soekarno claiming Serdang Sultanate and the whole occupation regions
admitted the authority of republic of Indonesia’s government and would
support it. In the period of United Republics of Indonesia (RIS), the
situation of East Sumatra faced a crisis, resulted from the people
spontaneously, which required East Sumatra to be dismissed as a country
because it was thought to be Van Mook’s (Dutch) initiative. It was also
required that East Sumatra joined the territory of republic of
Indonesia. The supporters of the State of East Sumatra (NST) formed an
assembly of people in the whole East Sumatra against the congress of
East Sumatran people which was formed by the national front. The states
and the other special regions in Indonesia were then integrated into
Indonesia, while the state of East Indonesia and East Sumatra refused
the integration.
Finally,
the government of Republic of Indonesia asked the United Republics of
Indonesia to work together for an agreement and got a full mandate from
NST and NIT to discuss with NRI about the establishment of Negara
Kesatuan of which the result is among others the Temporary Constitution
(UUDS) which took root from RIS Constitution (UUD RIS) was change to
suit the constitution 1945 (UUD 1945). Based on it, Serdang Sultanate
was integrated into Deli Serdang Regency. Because East Sumatra was
divided into five afdeling, one of them was Deli and Serdang. This
afdeling was led by a residence assistant and divided into four onder
afdeling. They were Beneden Deli of which the capital was Medan, Bovan
Deli of which the capital was Pancur Batu, Serdang of which the capital
was Lubuk Pakam, Padang Bedagai of which the capital was Tebing Tinggi,
and each was led by a controller.
And
now, Serdang Bedagai Regency has established for 10 years on 2014, and
this regency has successed implement the free school fee for 12 years
since 10 years ago until now. Salam dari "Tanah Bertuah Negeri Beradat".